{"id":12862,"date":"2025-07-05T09:33:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T07:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/?p=12862"},"modified":"2025-07-05T09:33:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T07:33:11","slug":"quante-bombe-atomiche-servono-per-mantenere-la-pace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/?p=12862","title":{"rendered":"Quante bombe atomiche servono per mantenere la pace?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"802\">Nel corso del XX secolo, l\u2019umanit\u00e0 ha costruito la pi\u00f9 potente arma di distruzione mai concepita: la bomba atomica. L\u2019idea che ne basterebbero 50 per rendere la Terra inabitabile non \u00e8 fantascienza, ma una valutazione condivisa da molti esperti militari e scientifici. Eppure, nel nostro mondo moderno, si stima che siano state prodotte oltre <strong data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"622\">150.000 armi nucleari<\/strong> dalla fine della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Molte di queste sono state smantellate, ma <strong data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"725\">pi\u00f9 di 12.500<\/strong> testate sono ancora attive o stoccate. Perch\u00e9 cos\u00ec tante? E dove si trovano?<br \/>\nLe simulazioni degli effetti di un conflitto nucleare globale mostrano che <strong data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"1021\">anche solo 50 testate nucleari esplose nelle principali citt\u00e0 del mondo<\/strong> basterebbero a causare:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1316\">\n<li data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1103\">\n<p data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1103\">La morte immediata di centinaia di milioni di persone;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1171\">\n<p data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1171\">Un &#8220;inverno nucleare&#8221;, con temperature in caduta libera per anni;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1252\">\n<p data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1252\">L&#8217;interruzione delle catene alimentari e il collasso dell\u2019agricoltura globale;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1316\">\n<p data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1316\">Un danno permanente alla biosfera e all\u2019ecosistema terrestre.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1511\">Perch\u00e9 quindi abbiamo oltre 12.500 testate attive? La risposta \u00e8 nella logica della deterrenza.<br \/>\nL\u2019idea \u00e8 che il possesso di migliaia di testate rende troppo rischioso un attacco, perch\u00e9 l\u2019aggressore verrebbe annientato a sua volta. Questo meccanismo \u00e8 noto come <strong data-start=\"3997\" data-end=\"4064\">Mutua Distruzione Assicurata (MAD &#8211; Mutual Assured Destruction)<\/strong>.<br \/>\nIn realt\u00e0, gran parte degli arsenali \u00e8 obsoleta o in attesa di smantellamento. Tuttavia, le potenze nucleari continuano a modernizzare le proprie armi, investendo miliardi in sistemi sempre pi\u00f9 sofisticati, come i missili ipersonici o i sottomarini nucleari di nuova generazione.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1575\"><strong data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1575\">Chi ha pi\u00f9 armi nucleari? La classifica attuale (2024)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1694\">Secondo la <strong data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1631\">Federation of American Scientists (FAS)<\/strong> e altre fonti attendibili, ecco la situazione attuale (circa):<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2697\">\n<thead data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"1785\">\n<tr data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"1785\">\n<th data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"1713\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Paese<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1750\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Totale stimato di testate nucleari<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1785\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Di cui schierate operativamente<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"2697\">\n<tr data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1968\">\n<td data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1896\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Russia<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"1933\">5.889<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"1968\">~1.600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1969\" data-end=\"2060\">\n<td data-start=\"1969\" data-end=\"1988\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Stati Uniti<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2025\">5.244<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2025\" data-end=\"2060\">~1.770<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2151\">\n<td data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2080\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cina<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2117\">~500<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2117\" data-end=\"2151\">~200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2242\">\n<td data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2171\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Francia<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2208\">290<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2242\">~280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2333\">\n<td data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2262\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Regno Unito<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2299\">225<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2333\">~120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2424\">\n<td data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2353\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Pakistan<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2353\" data-end=\"2390\">170\u2013180<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2424\">~100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2515\">\n<td data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2444\" data-col-size=\"sm\">India<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2444\" data-end=\"2481\">160\u2013170<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2481\" data-end=\"2515\">~100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2606\">\n<td data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2535\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Israele<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2535\" data-end=\"2572\">~90<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2606\">segreto militare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2697\">\n<td data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2629\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Corea del Nord<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2663\">~40\u201350<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2663\" data-end=\"2697\">incerta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><strong data-start=\"2861\" data-end=\"2920\"><br \/>\nL\u2019Italia e le bombe nucleari: ne abbiamo, ma non nostre<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"2922\" data-end=\"3188\">L\u2019Italia <strong data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"2969\">non possiede armi nucleari proprie<\/strong>, ma <strong data-start=\"2974\" data-end=\"3005\">ospita testate statunitensi<\/strong> nell\u2019ambito del programma NATO di &#8220;nuclear sharing&#8221;. Questo significa che, in caso di guerra, aerei italiani potrebbero sganciare armi nucleari statunitensi sotto autorizzazione USA.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3190\" data-end=\"3363\">Attualmente, si stima che <strong data-start=\"3216\" data-end=\"3279\">in Italia siano presenti tra le 15 e le 40 testate nucleari<\/strong> statunitensi, del tipo <strong data-start=\"3303\" data-end=\"3326\">B61 a caduta libera<\/strong>, distribuite in due basi principali:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3529\">\n<li data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3452\">\n<p data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3452\"><strong data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3386\">Ghedi (Brescia)<\/strong> \u2013 ospita aerei Tornado italiani addestrati per missioni nucleari;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3453\" data-end=\"3529\">\n<p data-start=\"3455\" data-end=\"3529\"><strong data-start=\"3455\" data-end=\"3477\">Aviano (Pordenone)<\/strong> \u2013 base aerea USAF, ospita forze aeree statunitensi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3531\" data-end=\"3679\">Le testate rimangono sotto controllo americano, ma la loro presenza rende l\u2019Italia un potenziale bersaglio strategico in caso di conflitto nucleare.<br \/>\nOspitare bombe atomiche, come fa l\u2019Italia, aumenta la nostra esposizione a un eventuale conflitto. Eppure, pochi cittadini sono consapevoli di questo scenario.<br \/>\nForse \u00e8 tempo di chiedersi non solo come limitarne l\u2019uso, ma anche <strong data-start=\"4817\" data-end=\"4916\">se l\u2019umanit\u00e0 pu\u00f2 davvero convivere con armi che hanno il potere di annientarla in pochi minuti.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nel corso del XX secolo, l\u2019umanit\u00e0 ha costruito la pi\u00f9 potente arma di distruzione mai concepita: la bomba<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dalmondo"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033.jpg",820,546,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033-768x511.jpg",640,426,true],"large":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033.jpg",640,426,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033.jpg",820,546,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033.jpg",820,546,false],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033.jpg",820,546,false],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bomba-atomica-dep-71640033-590x410.jpg",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Redazione","author_link":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/?author=1"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/?cat=108\" rel=\"category\">DAL MONDO<\/a>","tag_info":"DAL MONDO","comment_count":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12864,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12862\/revisions\/12864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2mpress.majoranamaitani.edu.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}